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81.
D.J. Robinson M.F.B. Dale D. Todd 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(9):921-928
Infection of potato plants with Tobacco rattle virus by its nematode vector can have different outcomes, including the development of spraing symptoms in progeny tubers. A novel syndrome described here comprises a generalized mottle in leaves on all stems, together with virtually total failure to produce daughter tubers. The outcome of infection depends partly on the potato genotype, but field trials with 15 varieties showed that the incidence and severity of spraing symptoms at three sites differed. There was no evidence that this was due to differences in virulence among the virus isolates at the sites, but it was probably the result of environmental differences that influenced the numbers and activity of the vector nematodes. At the most severely affected site, spraing symptoms were found in all varieties tested, except Record, including several that were not affected at the other two sites. Taking both severity and incidence of symptoms into account, the ranking of varieties was similar at each site. The incidence of spraing symptoms was greater in larger than in smaller tubers, and increased with later harvest dates, but did not increase when early harvested tubers were stored. Tobacco rattle viruswas detected in the roots of many of the weeds growing at one of the sites and in the roots of a few plants of the subsequent barley crop. 相似文献
82.
83.
N. Ioannou 《Phytoparasitica》2000,28(3):248-256
Preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) is presently standard practice in greenhouse tomato production. Since this
compound is scheduled to be phased out by 2005, the possibility of using solarization as an alternative soil disinfestation
method was examined in four greenhouse tomato trials. Solarization was applied for 8 weeks in July-August, using transparent
polyethylene sheets for soil mulching, and compared with MB fumigation applied in September, before planting, at 80 g/m2. Solarization raised the maximum soil temperature by 9°C and reduced the population density ofFusarium spp. in soil by 91–98%. Similar reductions of soil inoculum (95–99%) were obtained with MB fumigation. Both methods provided
effective control of Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt and corky root rot on tomato plants. MB fumigation was in addition highly
effective against root-knot nematodes, whereas nematode control with solarization did not exceed 50%. Both treatments resulted
in similar fruit yield increases, ranging within 90–140% compared with plants grown in untreated soil. During the second cropping
season following soil treatment, solarization exhibited two times higher residual effectiveness against vascular wilt diseases
compared with MB fumigation. The latter treatment, however, was superior to solarization in its residual effectiveness against
root-knot nematodes and to a lesser extent against corky root rot. Fruit yields from solarized and MB-fumigated soil during
the second cropping season were higher than those obtained from untreated soil by approximately 35% and 60%, respectively.
In Cyprus, solarization appears to be an effective alternative to MB fumigation in greenhouse tomato production, especially
if integrated with other approaches enabling more effective nematode control. 相似文献
84.
Mohammad Akhtar 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(1):57-66
Plant products are receiving greater attention as prophylactics against several species of plant-parasitic nematodes. Numerous experiments have shown the potential nematicidal value of plant parts and their by-products when incorporated into soil or when the plants themselves are interplanted as seedlings among crop plants. Various products (oils, cakes, extracts, etc.) prepared from the leaves and seeds of the neem plant (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) (Family Meliaceae) have been reported as effective protectants against nematode pests when used as root-dips and seed treatments. Nemato-toxic compounds of the neem plant, especially the azadirachtins, are released through volatilization, exudation, leaching and decomposition. The modes of action of these compounds are complex, and a number of mechanisms in relation to nematode management are yet to be fully explored. This review critically assesses the potential of these products in the management of nematodes in tropical agriculture. 相似文献
85.
The distribution of the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae sensu lato and Meloidogyne spp. were studied in two plots, one in Guatemala ( P. coffeae and M. paranaensis ) and the other in Costa Rica ( P. coffeae and M. exigua ). The quantity of nematodes per g fresh weight root were counted for each coffee tree sampled. The distributions were aggregated, and generally fitted well to negative binomial distributions. Population aggregation was greater when a smaller number of nematodes were involved, suggesting that initial colonization develops in foci. Analyses of the relationships between population levels of the species suggested that there was competition between Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. This competition was expressed differently depending on the relative population density of the different species. 相似文献
86.
初生型发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus)及嗜线虫致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus)细菌分别与异小杆线虫属(Heterorhabdltis)和斯氏线虫属(Steinernema)昆虫病原线虫互惠共生。这类昆虫病原细菌在稳定生长期分别产生两种形态各异的胞内晶体蛋白。本文回顾了这类蛋白的研究历史和最新的研究进展,特别是胞内晶体蛋白的理化性质和生物学功能,同时讨论这种晶体蛋白的研究方法与技术。 相似文献
87.
The effects of a hot water infusion and an aqueous acetone extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the motility of infective larvae of the sheep nematodes Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were investigated under in vitro conditions. The infusion and extract dose-dependently inactivated the infective larvae as assessed by the larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. To determine the components responsible for the inhibitory activity, the hot water infusion and aqueous acetone extract of green tea were fractionated on Sephadex LH-20 and the green tea extract fractions (GTE-I-VIII) characterised by mass spectrometry. The larvae were exposed to increasing concentrations of these GTE fractions. Fractions containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and proanthocyanidin oligomers were most effective. GTE fractions were more effective against T. circumcincta than T. colubriformis larvae as assessed by the LMI assay. 相似文献
88.
A study was carried out on a ranch in the semi-arid area of Kajiado District in Kenya during the period July 2000 to June 2001 to determine the seasonal patterns of development and survival of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep on pastures. A series of plots were contaminated with sheep faeces every month and pasture samples were collected weekly for the recovery and identification of larvae. The availability of infective larvae on naturally contaminated pastures was also monitored on the paddocks grazed by sheep and around the night pen and the watering point every month from July 2000 to June 2001. The results from the examination of the pasture samples indicated that rainfall distribution was the major factor governing the development and survival of the pre-parasitic stages. No parasitic larvae were detected from the plots contaminated during the dry months from July to October 2000, but development and translocation of infective larvae on pastures occurred on plots contaminated during the rainy seasons and soon after when relatively high moisture was present in the herbage (November 2000 to June 2001). During this period, peak larval counts occurred between the first and the second week post contamination, then declined to undetectable levels between week 4 and 16 post contamination. The lack of development of infective larvae during the dry season and the relatively rapid decline of their population during the wet season presents an opportunity for the use of pasture spelling as a means of helminth control in the study area. The availability of infective larvae on naturally contaminated pastures, around the night pen and around the watering point also followed the rainfall distribution pattern. Infective larvae were consistently recovered around the watering point throughout the study period. This indicated that the point is an important source of infection for sheep, especially during the dry season when other pastures are non-infective. 相似文献
89.
Florian M.W. Grundler Miroslaw Sobczak Wladyslaw Golinowski 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):545-551
The induction and differentiation of feeding structures (syncytia) of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana is accompanied by drastic cellular modifications. We investigated the formation of cell wall openings which occurred during syncytium differentiation. At the beginning of syncytium induction, a callose-like layer was deposited inside of the wall of the initial syncytial cell (ISC). First wall dissolutions developed by gradual widening of plasmodesmata between the ISC and neighbouring cells. As a general thickening of syncytial cell walls blocked existing plasmodesmata, other large openings were formed by enzymatic dissolution of intact walls by putative cellulase activity. 相似文献
90.
‘99昆明世博会参展植物寄生线虫的检疫初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本次博览会参展植物种类多,来源广,带土普遍疫情复杂。在严处国内外的参展植物中截获矛线目和垫刃目的13个科的56个属,其中在参展植物中截获我国对外检疫潜在危险性线。 相似文献